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- BUSINESS, Page 57LABORWork Ethic -- In Spades
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- Feeling rushed? Americans are working much harder than before
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- Kiichi Miyazawa was playing to the hometown crowd when he
- told the Japanese parliament last week that American workers are
- lazy, greedy and lack a work ethic. Insulting as the Prime
- Minister's comments were, they were not the worst thing that
- Japanese politicians have said about Americans in the past few
- weeks. No wonder Americans are wounded. It isn't just that the
- Japanese view of U.S. workers is degrading, it's that it is
- wrong -- and woefully out of date.
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- There are two kinds of U.S. workers: the ones the Japanese
- imagine and the ones Americans see around them, putting in long
- hours and worrying about the future. Miyazawa's description of
- poorly motivated workers, unwilling to put in long hours, sounds
- like the classic management view of featherbedding autoworkers
- in the 1960s. While he imagines workers who are doing less and
- less, the truth is that Americans are working longer and longer
- hours. Perhaps Miyazawa has the right to strike back at the
- quality of American effort after listening to Lee Iacocca blame
- his problems on Tokyo. But are the problems of U.S. companies
- the result of a lack of effort by the average worker?
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- Not according to Juliet Schor's impressive new book, The
- Overworked American (Basic Books; $21). A Harvard economist,
- Schor charts the relentless expansion of American work and the
- steady erosion of leisure time over the past 20 years. It turns
- out that the average U.S. employee puts in 163 more hours a year
- now than in 1970. And while it is true that Japanese
- manufacturing workers put in six weeks' worth of hours more
- every year than their U.S. counterparts, they do it by working
- six-day weeks and skipping most of their vacation time.
- Meanwhile, Americans are laboring eight weeks' worth of hours
- more than the Germans.
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- Moonlighting has proliferated as businesses have shifted
- to greater use of part-time workers. More than 7 million
- Americans hold two or three jobs to make ends meet. Overall,
- women are paying the highest price: for every additional hour
- they have added to their jobs, they have shaved less than half
- an hour from their labor at home. Certainly American business
- must find ways to operate more efficiently. But simply keeping
- employees in the office longer is not the answer.
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- By Janice Castro.
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